Irene Britton Smith

Irene was born December 22, 1907 in Chicago. At the American Conservatory she studied with Stella Roberts and Leo Sowerby, she also received her Bachelor of Music degree there in 1943. For more than 40 years she taught in Chicago's elementary schools, she specialized in Phonovisual approach to teaching reading. She got her Masters of Music degree at DePaul University under Leon Stein. Before she completed it though she worked in composition at The Juilliard School of Music with Vittorio Giannini. During the summer she worked with Irving fine at the Berkshire Music Center in 1950, Wayne Barlow at the Eastman School of Music, and with Nadi Boulanger at the American Conservatory in Fontainebleau, France in 1958. Some of the things that she has composed herself are Sinfonietta in three movements for orchestra in 1956, Fairest Lord Jesus in 1945, a long with many many more. She died on Feb. 15 1997, so you can see she lived to be 92 and has accomplished a lot of things in her lifetime that are still known today.

http://africlassical.blogspot.com/2007/12/irene-britton-smith-1907-1999-african.html

Bessie Smith "Nobody knows you when you're down and out" 1929. The song has an ABA form. There is an band in the background; sounds like a banjo and trumpet. There are 3 verses and a chorus and also an bridge when the trumpet is playing by himself. The song is about how a man has left her and how she feels now that he is gone.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6MzU8xM99Uo

Julia Amanda Perry

Julia Amanda Perry was born in Lexington, Kentucky in 1924 but she was raised in Akron, Ohio and died there also. She was an African American woman that composed during the neoclassical style period.  She earned her bachelors and maters from Westminster choir college and also studied at the Julliard school. In 1959 she taught for a short time at Florida A&M and Atlanta University. She had a stroke in 1971 and was so determined to continue to compose that she taught hers how to write with her left hand. She is discussed in The Music of Black Americans: A History by Eileen Southern; it talks about her style of music, the texture she uses and the many different forms she wrote in.

http://africlassical.blogspot.com/2007/12/julia-amanda-perry-1924-1979-african.html

Julia Amanda Perry singing "Im a Poor lil Orphan (Negro Spiritual). There is an organ and just vocals. It has a very soulful sound to it and also sort of an opera feel to it. There is an ABA form to it, she starts off in a low voice and then when the chorus comes she gets to a really high soprano notes. I think she does this it really emphasize what she is trying to say or the story shes trying to tell.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6fQctPhHwQ

Dorothy Rudd Moore

Dorothy was born on June 4, 1940 in New Castle, Delaware. She was interested in music at a very young age thanks to her mother who was a singer and very supportive of her. The mathematical aspects of music were really appealing to her. She married a man named Kermit Moore who was a cellist. She attended school at Howard University. She also attended American Conservatory at Fontainebleau in 1963, had private study with Chou Wen Chung in 1965 and private voice lessons with Lola Hayes in 1972. She was a teacher at Harlem School of the Arts from 1965-66, New York University in 1969, Bronx Community College in 1971. She gave private piano, voice, sight-singing, and ear-training lessons in 1968. She has many different pieces of work; chamber pieces, song cycles, orchestral music, and an opera. "From the Dark Tower" is what she called her "black power statement" in reference to the pain and anger she felt at pervasive racism and class privilege. 

http://composers.com/dorothy-rudd-moore

Billie Holiday "The Very Thought of You". It is the piano, trumpet and her vocals. It sounds as if she would sing this at some type of night club.  In the beginning it starts off with about 2 counts of just the piano then her voice comes in with the piano accompanying her. Then there are 8 counts of her singing then the trumpet comes in for about an 8 count phrase then she comes in with about 4 counts of her finishing the song. It has an ABA forum 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vPJuFxl0bxY

Louise Juliette Talma

She was born October 31, 1906 in Arcachon, France. Her father passed away when she was young and her mother was a singer. Her mother and her moved to New York City in the summer of 1914. She studied chemistry at Columbia University while pursuing piano and composition studies at the Institute of Musical Art. she won the Seligman Prize for composition also. She traveled to Fontainebleau, France in 1926 to 1939, to study at the american Conservatory. She studied under very prestigious people and at that time she was a teacher herself as well as a student. she taught at Hunter College for over 50 years and left in 1979. She became the first American to teach at the Fontainebleau School. 
"It took some time before I knew I was a composer…. I thought all composers were dead. Composers were people you found in a book, who had written all this wonderful music that you heard at concerts. I knew from a very early age that I wanted to compose, but the idea that there were actually people out there now, in the flesh, actively writing music, did not occur to me for quite some time." This is a quote from what she said in the New York Times. Some of her early compositions are "Song of the Songless (1928), Three Madrigals (1928), Two Dances (1934) and In principio erat verbum (1939). She was the first woman to receive the award of Guggenheim fellowship. In the 1970s she went back to Fontainebleau to study during the summer. She composed a piece called Summer sounds for Clarinet and String Quartet written between 1969 and 1973. She is one of Americas foremost composers of the Twentieth century. 

http://www.notablebiographies.com/supp/Supplement-Sp-Z/Talma-Louise-Juliette.html

Roots of Blues Ma Rainey
It starts off with a banjo playing then her vocals. The form is ABA. At the end of each stanza she has sort of a drag to each word. It is 12 bar blues. The verses are 12 counts and the chorus is 8 counts. It has a summery feel like maybe it was a hot day and the banjo player and Rainey were sitting on the porch having a good time.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wsEsjN8dGQg

Florence Beatrice Smith Price

Florence was born on April 9, 1887 in Little Rock (Pulaski county). Her parents names were James H. Smith and Florence Gulliver Smith. When she was little she had musical training from her mother and she also had musical pieces published while she was in high school. She was very well educated, she graduated as valedictorian in 1903 then went to the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston, and in 1907 she got her degree as an organist and as a piano teacher. With a lot of racial tensions in Arkansas in the 1920s the family moved to Chicago in 1927. She kept up with her music the American Conservatory of Music and Chicago Musical College. In 1928 G. Schirmer, a major publishing firm, accepted for publication Price's At the Cotton Gin. She won many awards in 1932 for competitions sponsored by the Rodman Wanamaker foundation for her Piano Sonata in E Minor. Florence's art songs and spiritual arrangements were frequently performed by well-known artist of the day. Overall she composed more than 300 works that ranged from small teaching pieces for piano to large-scale compositions such as symphonies and concertos, as well as instrumental chamber music, vocal compositions, and music for radio. Her music style is a mixture of black spirituals and European music.

http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=1742

You can really here the mixture between the black spiritual and the European style. It sounds like an orchestra mixed with piano, horns, bass, and flutes. Im not exactly sure what the form is but if I had to guess I would say that it is AABC. It has a spring time sound to it. Each phrase is about 12 counts long and then there is a bridge that about 4 counts and then the chorus is 8 counts
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xepfezwe1KM

Ma Rainey

She was born April 26, 1886 by the name of Gertude Pridgett in Columbus, Georgia. Her parents were a part of a minstrel troupers and their names were Thomas Pridgett Sr and Ella Allen-Pridgett. "Mother of the Blues" was the name that people knew her by and she performed during the first three decades of the 20th century. She was also the first to incorporate authentic blues in her songs. She performed as a singer and dancer in a talent show called "A Bunch of Blackberries" at the Springer Opera House in 1900. February 2, 1904 she married William "Pa" Rainey. They were named "Ma" and "Pa" Rainey and they toured Southern tent shows and cabarets. Daphane Harrison in the Black Pearls wrote: "Her ability to capture the mood and essence of black rural southern life of the 1920s, quickly endeared her to throngs of followers throughout the South". The is a very strong and powerful quote, it says a lot about Rainey and her type of music ability. She earned the reputation as a professional on stage and in business, which is something that other blues musicians didn't. She performed with her Wild Jazz Cats on the TOBA until 1926. After that year she recorded with various musicians on the Paramount label often under the name of Ma Rainey and her Georgia Jazz Band.

http://www.biography.com/people/ma-rainey-9542413

Ma Rainey: Deep Moaning Blues, 1928 AABA form. There is a band and her vocals in the song. In the band there are trumpet, a piano, and an instrument that is being plucked. The song has sort of a relaxing feel to it, its not to fast and its not to slow. Makes you feel like it was recorded during the summer time and Rainey is just relaxing telling a story.

It starts off with the first 2 counts of moaning
Verse 1: 8 counts, her vocals and horns
Verse 2: 8 counts, her vocals and hors
Chorus: its her moaning with horns, piano in the background for about 4 counts
Verse 3: There is an instrument that is being plucked while she sings



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A-mRHNAeJXE

Mamie Smith

She was born May 26, 1883 born in Cincinnati, Ohio. There are no birth records on her. Although when she was 10 she toured with a white act called Four Dancing Mitchells. She danced in Salem Tutt Whitney's Smart Set as a teenager. She sang in clubs in Harlem and married a William "Smitty"Smith who was a waiter all in 1913. She was an American vaudeville singer, dancer, pianist and actress, who was featured in a lot of films. While doing all these task she did different styles also such as jazz and blues. She was the first African American artist to make a vocal recording in 1920. Some of the songs she recorded were "Crazy Blues" and Its Right Here For You", and "Okeh Records". With her records doing so well, record companies wanted to find more female blues singers and it formed the classic female blues era. She was featured in the movie "Jail House Blues" in 1929. In 1931 she retired from recording and performing. "Paradise in Harlem" was when she reappeared in 1939, which was produced by her Husband Jack Goldberg.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamie_Smith

Mamie Smith "Crazy Blues". The vocals are by her and then there is a band in the back ground. There is a trumpet, sounds like flutes, and other brass instruments. There is an AABC form here. The song is about how her lover left her and she can't go on without him and she will never forget him.
It starts off with 2 counts of just the horns as the introduction.
The first verse is her singing with the band as the base line. 8 counts
The second verse has sort of a downbeat you can feel like she is getting sad as she sings the song. 8 counts
The bridge her voice goes up very high as she sing with more passion. There are about 4 counts in it.
Chorus: 8 counts and her voice comes back down
Verse: It seems as the trumpets are beginning the play louder showing how passionate and heart broken she is. 8 counts
Verse 8 counts
Chorus: 8 counts
And then the band plays 1 count and she ends the song.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qaz4Ziw_CfQ

Mary Lou Williams

Mary was born May 8, 1910 in Atlanta, Georgia. Her mother taught her how to play the piano at the early age of 2 years old and had musical memory at the age of 4 years old. She coined the name "the Little Piano girl" at the age of 10 years old and by then was performing in front of small audiences throughout Pittsburgh. At the age of 12 in 1922 she made her debut in the Buzz and Harris Revue traveling show because she substituted for one of their pianist. She had traveled all around and played with many artist as Jelly roll Morton, Willie smith, Fats Waller, and Duke Ellington. In 1927, her husband John Williams joined Andy Kirk and the Twelve clouds of Joy therefore Mary had to take over his band. In 1929 she moved to Oklahoma and joined her husband and Kirk's band. While with Kirk she became known for solo piano and original arrangements likfe "Froggy Bottom", "Walkin' and Swingin'", and "Roll 'Em". She was also a major influence for the Kansas City-Southwest Big Band sound. In 1945 she premiered the first of many large compositions called the 12-movement Zodiac suite. "Capricorn" was created for dancer Pearl Primus who performed at Cafe Society like she did. Mary moved to Europe in 1952 and performed in Paris and London. In 1954 she took a hiatus from the stage for a few years. She returned in 1957 performing at the Newport Jazz Festival and then with her own trio. In 1970 she recorded a comprehensive performance-lecture called "The History of Jazz". Five years later she was appointed to the faculty of University of Massachusetts and in 1977 to the faculty at duke University.

http://www.biography.com/people/mary-lou-williams-9532632?page=2

Mary Lou Williams "You know Baby"
Its a mixture of piano, horns, and Leon Thomas as the vocalist.
It starts off as an introduction with just the horns for the first 15 second and then the piano comes for a second and then Leon Thomas starts singing for 8 counts and then the chorus comes in with the horns as the base line and the piano as an overlay then Leon starts his 2nd 8 count verse there is also a 4 count bridge before repeating back to the chorus. It ends with the band laughing and clapping and just having a good time. The horns keep the beat with throughout the whole song and the piano gives it a little bit of sassyness to it as it is tricked through out the song. Leon has a strong, powerful, commanding voice that just makes you want to listen to what hes singing about.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TAZeukY1AMM

Ethel Waters

Ethel was born on October 31, 1896 in Pennsylvania. She was conceived from a rape of her teenage mother. She never lived in the same place for more than 15 months and was raised in poverty. She was married at age 12 and at age 13 she became a chambermaid in Philadelphia hotel. That was the first time that she sang in a local night club that year. "Sweet Mama Stringbean" was the name that she gave herself at age 17. In Baltimore, Maryland she was the first women to sing "St. Louis Blues" which is a classic by W.C. Handy. She also joined a carnival in her time. She went south to Atlanta and she worked in the same club with Bessie Smith, who demanded that Waters not compete in singing blues opposite her. She would sing, dance, play and star in musicals, movies, and TV but always went back to blues. In 1919 she moved to Harlem and had her first Harlem job at Edmond's Cellar which had a black patronage. In 1921 she was the 5th black women to make a record on the Cardinal Records label.  She was considered a blues singer during the pre-1925 period but belonged to the Vaudeville-style style. She sang "Stormy Weather" at the Cotton Club also.

http://www.biography.com/people/ethel-waters-9524982?page=2
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethel_Waters

Ethel Waters "I've Found a New Baby" 1925:
She is talking about how she found a new man and talking about all the good qualities that he has, how  much he loves her, and how he's all that she wants. It is her voice, a piano that is keeping the tempo, and a type of horn maybe trombone. There is an ABA form and the piano keeps that main tempo. Her voice is the same level it doesnt get loud and very heartfelt at the end of the song or at a climaxing point.

Intro: Piano and horn 1-8 count
Verse: 8-8 counts
Chorus: 4-8 counts
Verse: 8-8counts
Bridge: Horn plays for 8-8 counts repeating the verse
Verse: 8-8 counts
Chorus: 4-8counts
End with the horn 4 counts

Lena Horne

My research this week will be on Lena Horne. Although she was not a singer in the Cotton Club she was a  great performer. She was born in Brooklyn on June 30 1917. Her birth name was Lena Mary Calhoun Horne. She said that while she was bring born her father was playing a card game trying to win money to pay for their hospital bills. Her parents soon divorced and her mother left  later on to find work to be an aspiring actress. Therefore she was raised by her grandparents. When she turned seven her mom returned and they traveled around the state, at the age of 14 she dropped out of school. She got her big break at age 16 where she was fired at the Cotton Club as a dancer. There she met Harold Arlen who wrote "stormy Weather" which would soon be her greatest hit. For the next 5 years she performed in different New York nightclubs, touring with the Charlie Barnet Orchestra, and on Broadway. She was the first black women to successfully work on both sides of the color line since the orchestra was a predominantly white band.  She then moved to Hollywood where she played small rolls in movies and sometimes when they would get sent to the producers they would get cut out. "Cabin in the sky" and "stormy Weather" were the only movies were she played a character that was involved in the plot. She became the premier pin-up girl who thousands of black soldiers during WWII. In 1963 she lost her father, son and husband within the year. She somewhat vanished from public life. Until 1981 she created a one-women show called Lena Horne: The lady and her music.

http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0395043/bio
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/lena-horne/about-the-performer/487/

Lena Horne Stormy Weather:
There are six stanzas in AABA form. The song is talking about how her man has gone and now she has nobody. There is no sun everything is dark and gloomy and she feels like she cant go on with her life. The song starts off very soft as if she is telling a story and by the end of it she wants you to actually hear the story she is telling and feel how she is feeling. In 1943 Stormy Weather was turned in to a film.

Intro: 2 counts of piano horns loud brass at the end
Chorus: Singing, horns, pianos, string,
Verse 1: Singing and piano with a few strings
Chorus
Verse 2: Singing, horns
chorus
Verse 3: Horns at the beginning
bridge: a string solo for 2 counts, singing is louder and more passionate
Chorus: more intense
Fading out with horns and strings

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xzLkXdkuhX8

Bessie Smith

Bessie Smith was born April 15, 1894 in Chester, Pennsylvania. She had six other siblings and at the age of eight years old she was orphaned and had to be taken care of by Viola, who was her oldest sister. She started singing on the street corners at this age also. at the 18 years old she joined a traveling show and was taken care of by Gertrude "Ma" Rainey. Ma Rainey introduced her to show business, and maybe even rural blues singing. They also became lifelong friends. She performed with African-American troupes at tent shows and carnivals and also vaudeville circuit. Bessie tried to record her own music a many of times but failed but the Columbia Records signed her in 1923. "Down-hearted Blues", which was her first record, sold more than 800,000 copies in six months. She made about 160 recordings for Columbia over the next seven years. She the named of the "Empress of the Blue" therefore she wore extravagant costumes while singing about things as sex, despair, and sex. With the come up of the Great Depression her career started to become rocky. Radio had began to replace vaudeville, blues was losing much of its audience to swing music, and she had been let go by Columbia Records. So Bessie started back with her touring shows, she appeared in the Cotton Club and the Apollo Theater. She tried to get back into the music business by trying swing music but it had very little success. She died on September 26th in a tragic care accident.

http://www.pics-celeb.com/2010/01/bessie-smith.html

Bessie Smith "Down Hearted Blue" song: There is an AABC form in this song. She is talking about all the trouble that she has had from this man and that the trouble is going to follow her to her grave. She cant believe whats really happening and that she has only loved 3 men in her life; her father, her mother, and a man that wrecked her life. Its going to take her some time to heal from this heart break. It is only her voice and a piano in the song.

Dorothy Dandridge

My research will be over Dorothy Dandridge. She was born November 9, 1922 in Cleveland. Her father was not in her life therefore she was raised by her mother and Geneva Williams who was a friend of the mothers; she also had an older sister named Vivian. As children the two sisters performed together in an act called "The Wonder Children". They sang, danced, acrobatics,and different skits. In the year 1938 they performed at the Cotton Club going under the name of Dandridge Sisters. While performing there she found her husband and they got married in 1942. She broke away from her sister and also divorced her husband. She went out on her own and she had a singing act which got her a lot of recognition. She performed in clubs in California and Las Vegas. During this time she faced a lot of racism but it did not stop her from performing. She was the first black women to perform at the Waldorf Astoria in New York. Also the first black women to receive the honor of being nominated for Best Actress because of her appearance in the movie "Bright Road". She died on September 8, 1965.

The song I chose to listen to was I Got Rhythm. It is her singing accompanied by a piano in the beginning and it starts off slow. Then it breaks off into a band behind while she sings. There are all types of instruments in the band. There is an ABA form through the first chorus and then the band just plays for about 8 counts as the "chorus" the Dorthy starts to sing another versus in ABA form. Then it ends with the band playing loud and her holding a high note.

Adelaide Hall's life and song

My main focus was on the cotton club and then I decided to do a little more research on Adelaide Hall who performed there. She lived to be to be 92 years old and was born in New York and died in London. At the age of 20 she became a part of the professional Shuffle along group. At the age of 27 she starred on Broadway in "Blackbirds of 1928". She performed for 8 months at the Cotton Club, during the time that they had a lot of revenue coming into the business, in 1934.

The song that i listened to was "You Gave Me Everything but Love" which was performed in 1932. She has sort of an opera voice and she also sounds like a soprano because she hits a few high notes. There is only a piano and her voice throughout the whole song. The piano is playing very soft. The song is talking about how this man gave her everything like the stars, his lips, the summer and anything that she wanted except for love. Therefore she was a fool for love. It is very hard to get tell if the song is aba because the piano goes a long with her voice or it sort of does its own thing, there also are not a lot of repeating phrases. There is an intro for about the first minute of the song. It then goes into the chorus then into a verse.

http://www.biography.com/people/adelaide-hall-38526
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide_Hall